July 1, begin to carry out-new energy automobile manufacturing companies and product access management rules,” which states that “the use of lead-acid battery hybrid passenger cars, pure electric and pure electric passenger cars, commercial vehicles, and the use of metal hydride Nickel-powered hybrid vehicle is classified as mature products. “Prior to the loudest voices were included in the lithium cell vehicle development stage, not a large-scale promotion of the column.
Conducted in Frankfurt, Germany Frankfurt auto show in order to Daimler – Benz, Volkswagen, Toyota car dealer, represented expressed their optimistic about the development of lithium batteries, and a series of Li-ion laptop battery pack equipped with the hybrid to reduce vehicle carbon emissions. Such as the Toyota van in carbon emissions of a mere 60 g / km (average annual emissions from ordinary cars 5000 kilograms).
Then prospects for lithium batteries in the end?
New energy electric car the most important components is the driving force batteries(gd761,kd476), electric motors and energy conversion control system. The new energy vehicles demanding on the battery, you must have a high specific energy, high specific power, fast charging and deep discharge performance, and requires the lowest possible cost, service life as long as possible. Therefore, the power battery is a technical threshold of the highest, is also the most concentrated part of the profits.
Lithium batteries into the fast-growth period
More auto manufacturers choose lithium batteries as a new energy vehicles motive power, industrial output value contains huge potential.
The traditional lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-metal hydride battery technology itself is relatively mature, but they are used in automotive batteries as a power, there are still major problems. Li-ion battery(VGP-BPS2C,VGP-BPS2A) has a small size, light weight, high voltage (which is nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries 3 times) than the energy of large (up to 165WH / kg, nickel-hydrogen batteries 3 times), cyclic long-lived, self – discharge rate is low, no memory effect, no pollution, safety, and good, therefore, car manufacturers more choices of energy use lithium batteries as a new car battery power.
China’s lithium-ion battery industry began late in Japan, but developing very fast in recent years, especially in the power lithium-ion battery(inspiron e1705 battery,xps m1330 battery) research and development invested a great deal of financial and material resources. China’s automotive lithium-ion battery R & D project has been the national “863″ key project, much of the material to achieve the localization and the introduction of multi-national has been self-built production lines and supporting materials, factories have more than one, have been the formation of large-scale production, intense market competition.
Lithium battery industry as car tremendous value inherent potential of electric vehicles battery materials upstream suppliers and downstream of the car manufacturers have begun to enter the automotive battery business. Li-ion battery is behind the hot car prices on the plug-in hybrids (also known as plug-in hybrid electric vehicles) and pure electric vehicle market prospects of the recognition and R & D capabilities of their current concerns.
Such as the United States Ford, Toyota, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Hyundai, France, Courreges, Ventury and other companies have started their own lithium battery Motor Vehicle Program. While the domestic car manufacturer BYD, Geely, Chery, Lifan, ZTE and other car firms also have their own hybrid and pure electric vehicle powered by lithium battery power.
Therefore, from the development cycle, the current automotive lithium battery market is out of the start-up stage and started into rapid growth stage.
Insufficient to resolve the charge and over-discharge phenomena
safety performance and vehicle power battery management system is the bottleneck of the development of lithium batteries.
At present, the downstream enterprises in China BYD, Wanxiang Group, Shenzhen BAK Battery, Tianjin Lishen Battery and the United States Myers joint ventures. At present the only control vehicle lithium ion phosphate battery pack(inspiron b120 battery,inspiron b130 battery) large-scale production technology, BYD Company, has officially launched its self-developed battery-powered pure electric vehicles E6 and hybrid F3DM.
, However, hinder the development of lithium-ion battery power bottlenecks are: safety performance and vehicle power battery management system.
Automobile manufacturers based on the safety of people-oriented concept, the safety of the battery presented a very high demand. As the vehicle power battery voltage is 12V or 24V, single power lithium-ion battery voltage is 3.7V, so must be used by multiple cells in series, but difficult to achieve because of the battery charge and discharge completely homogeneous, resulting in the battery charge will appear Discharge imbalance, which occurs under charging and over-discharge phenomenon, the situation will lead to a sharp deterioration in battery performance, eventually leading to the entire group of cells does not work, or even scrapped, greatly affect battery life and reliability.
Therefore, power lithium-ion battery to get a good application, need materials, batteries, management systems, taking into account the mechanical processing and other aspects. Therefore, the upstream and downstream enterprises should work together to the battery as the core of the material, the management system requests formation of an industry group, would be conducive to technological advances and system costs.
Midstream materials manufacturers continue to realize the localization and improvement of technical
Cathode materials for lithium battery(gd761,kd476) is high barriers to entry, capacity minimum; anode materials for the industrialization of China has been achieved; electrolysis fluid and membrane technology is still dependent on imports.
Lithium battery materials can be divided into electrode (positive / negative) materials, separator and electrolyte. Li-ion battery cathode material is the core of the current lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese, lithium and nickel-cobalt-manganese-based lithium ion phosphate. Ze Yi graphite anode material, solid carbon particle-based; in the middle of positive and negative electrodes while the battery electrolyte and separator.
As high barriers to entry, lithium battery cathode material is the smallest capacity, which is the whole industry chain, the most promising aspect. Cathode materials currently in production companies are: China Baoan, CITIC Anhe Shanshangufen, BYD.
Compared with the cathode materials, anode materials, graphite, solid carbon particle, accounting for the proportion of low-cost lithium batteries(inspiron e1505 battery,inspiron 6000 battery), and the domestic has been achieved industrialization. Currently engaged in lithium battery cathode material production enterprises are the top three Chinese national security, Shanshangufen long shahai capacity. It is worth noting that the current negative electrode materials, while able to basically meet the domestic market demand, but with the increasing popularity of new energy vehicles in future this demand will be a massive shortfall.
Domestic battery manufacturers supporting electrolyte has been basically achieved domestically. The electrolyte lithium hexafluorophosphate main raw materials, accounting for about 50% of the cost of the electrolyte, its production cost is 10 yuan / ton, priced at 40 yuan / ton, gross margin as high as 75%, but the market was largely Kanto Electric the chemical industry, SUTERAKEMI-FA, Morita chemistry, several Japanese companies a monopoly.
Diaphragm materials, the Department of Li-ion technology, the highest barriers to a high value-added material, gross profit margin is usually 70% or more, accounting for the cost of lithium batteries 20 ~ 30%. It is reported that a car need to 1000-2000 m2 membrane. At present, a serious shortage of market supply diaphragm, most dependent on imports, the market dominated by Japanese Asahi Chemical Industry, Tonen Chemical, and the United States Celgard dominate. Domestic companies able to produce membrane only star-source technology, Jinhui High-Tech two technologies are relatively mature.
Upstream resources and technical barriers to seek a breakthrough in
lithium ion phosphate power battery(thinkpad t60 battery) cathode materials, the most promising investment opportunities, but the reserves are limited; simultaneous separation of lithium carbonate in Technology is only a small number of the hands of foreign companies.
Lithium ion phosphate power battery cathode materials, the most promising investment opportunities, the key raw materials, lithium iron phosphate is lithium carbonate, lithium carbonate derived from the mineral resources, in the nature reserves are limited, has a strong regional and scarcity, are scarce resources. Thus, in the new energy automotive industry chain, the strategic importance of lithium carbonate resources become particularly prominent.
At present, the global lithium carbonate industry, the status quo, resource threshold high, capacity is highly concentrated. As of the end of 2007, a major international manufacturers have Chile’s SQM, the United States, FMC and Germany Chemta l l total annual capacity of 78,000 tons, accounting for 80% of global market share. Due to large-scale production enterprise must have reserves of lithium resources are more abundant in salt lake resources, mining rights, making the resources of the industry with higher barriers to entry; the other hand, the vast majority of the world’s resources are high-magnesium salt low lithium type, from the and high-magnesium low lithium brine purification separation of lithium carbonate in the process technology is very difficult, but these techniques only a small number of foreign companies rests in the hands, so the industry is highly technical barriers.
The current domestic production of lithium carbonate enterprises mainly in Tibet, mining, CITIC Guoan, Western Mining Group, Qinghai Salt Lake Group, the four companies, while the Tibetan mining and CITIC Guoan has accounted for the vast majority of , the two companies in 2008 total production of lithium carbonate is not more than 4000 tons.
It is estimated that each new type of electric vehicle needs about 0.08 tons of lithium carbonate, lithium batteries(xps m1330 battery,latitude d830 battery) once the driving force large-scale application of new energy vehicles, only new energy vehicles by 2012 the demand for lithium carbonate will reach 5 million tons. While the domestic prices of industrial-grade lithium carbonate at 4.5 yuan / ton, battery grade lithium carbonate prices by 7 yuan / ton, high purity lithium carbonate price is as high as 10 yuan / ton, the domestic involved in new projects because it is used salt lake brine lithium carbonate extraction, the production cost 10000 ~ 1.5 yuan / tons. Therefore, the market generally felt that the profitability of lithium carbonate products is very high